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BUILT-IN ANDROID ACCESSIBILITY

Given the uncertainty, the best approach in drafting the paper is to outline possible interpretations of the cited numbers and present analyses based on plausible legal references, acknowledging the potential for ambiguity in the user's query. The paper could explore the two most likely interpretations—perhaps FAR Part 5, Section 5-109 and AR 66-228—discuss their content, and explain how they might interact or be relevant in practice. Additionally, it should suggest that for precise legal analysis, clarifying the exact sources and proper formatting of citations is essential.

Another possibility is that "66.228" refers to a section in a state code. Let's check if there's a Texas statute. Texas Administrative Code has titles, parts, and sections. If a user from Texas is referring to this, maybe 66.228 is a section in a particular part. But I need more context. Alternatively, maybe it's a reference to something like 27 CFR 5.101, which is about labeling of alcoholic beverages.

Putting two and two together, perhaps the user is referencing FAR Part 5, Section 5-109 (which is about Contracting Officer Certification), and maybe AR 66-228 as another document. However, without more context, it's challenging to pinpoint exactly. The user might have made a typo or concatenated parts of references without proper formatting.

Assuming that the main task is to create a paper analyzing these two references, I'll need to first clarify what each part refers to. For "66.228," perhaps it's Army Regulation 66-228 on administrative separation actions. For "5r 109," assuming it's a typo or misformatting of FAR 5-109. Then, I can draft a paper that analyzes these two documents and their interplay or relevance in a particular legal context, such as federal contracting or military personnel procedures.

Alternatively, maybe the user is referring to a specific contract clause, like the 5r 109, which is a clause in the FAR. Let me check. FAR Part 5 (Contracting by Negotiation) includes 5-109-2: Procedural Instructions. So if the citation is 5-109.r, maybe not. Wait, maybe the user meant FAR Part 5, section R.109? But the standard format is Part 5, which has sections like 5.1, 5.2, etc. So 5.109 might be a section. Then maybe the other part is 66.228. Maybe the user is combining two different references.

Wait, let me think again. The user wrote "66.228 5r 109." The "5r 109" part might be a separate citation. Maybe it's a typo or a concatenation of two different citations. For example, "66.228" and then "5r 109." Let me see if 5r 109 refers to a section in the FAR. The Federal Acquisition Regulation, for example, has Part 5, which is "Contracting by Negotiation," and subsections like 5.109. So 5r 109 could be part of FAR 5-109. But the "r" might be a part of the section title or a note.

If I consider 66.228 as part of the Department of Defense contracts or Army regulations, maybe. For example, Army Regulation 66-228. Let me check. Army AR 66-228 does exist. It's titled "Military Justice—Administrative Separation Actions." So if the user is referring to this, then 66.228 is the regulation number. But then "5r 109" could be a section within that regulation. However, I'm not sure if AR 66-228 has sections 5 or 109. Alternatively, maybe the user meant FAR 5-109, which I mentioned before.

Wait, maybe the user is referring to the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 66, which might not exist. The standard titles are up to Title 75. So perhaps the user made a typo. Maybe 66 is a part of another code. Let me check. The United States Code is titled 1-54. Title 66 doesn't exist in the US Code. Hmm.

Wait, maybe it's part of the Federal Code or Federal Acquisition Regulations? The FAR has parts and sections. Let me see. For example, FAR 5.101 is a part and section. If the user is referring to 5r 109, maybe it's in the FAR under part 5, section R.109? But 5r 109 doesn't sound familiar. Maybe it's a typo or a misformatting. Alternatively, in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), the structure is Title - Part - Section. For example, 49 CFR 5.101 would be Title 49, part 5, section 101.

"66.228" could be a section number. The format with a decimal might be similar to how some codes are organized. Then "5r" could be a subsection or a note. "109" might be another section number or part of a citation to a specific part of the code. Maybe it's part of the Internal Revenue Code, which uses a different format, though. For example, the Internal Revenue Code uses 26 U.S.C. followed by the section number. But here, 66 is more likely to be in other codes. Let me check the Internal Revenue Code—no, 66 is in there, like 26 U.S.C. §6662, which is about penalties for tax understatements. But that's 66.62, not 66.228.

Alternatively, if "5r 109" is part of the Internal Revenue Code, but I can't find 5r 109 there. Maybe it's a part of another legal code. Alternatively, maybe it's a state statute. For example, in New York, the General Business Law or another code might have such a section. However, without knowing the jurisdiction, it's hard to say.

Alternatively, maybe "66.228" is part of a contract clause. In federal contracts, sometimes they reference specific clauses. For example, 52.228-5 is a clause in the FAR Subpart 52.228—Construction and Architect-Engineer Contracts. Let me check the FAR. FAR 52.228-5 is actually titled "Construction and Architect-Engineer Contracts (June 2013)" which is a provision. But that's 52.228-5, not 66.228. Maybe the user confused the numbers.

Assuming that "66.228" is a section from a specific code and "5r 109" is another section from another code, perhaps related to federal regulations or contracts. Alternatively, maybe there's a misformatting where the user intended to cite 66 CFR 228.5r.109? Or perhaps 66 CFR is Title 66 (which isn't a CFR title, the titles go up to 75), so that's not it.

Turn on TalkBack

You can turn on TalkBack when you turn on your Android device for the very first time. You can also turn on TalkBack at any time after you’ve begun using your device.

Once you turn on TalkBack, spoken feedback starts immediately. As you navigate your device, TalkBack describes your actions and alerts you about notifications and other information.

Android 8.0 Oreo Updates:

TalkBack now includes a great tutorial offering users multiple lessons as soon as they activate TalkBack. The TalkBack tutorial is available under Settings > Accessibility > TalkBack.

Option 1: Turn on TalkBack when you first turn on your device

When you first turn on your Android device, you can enable TalkBack from the initial setup screen.

If possible, keep headphones handy so that you can plug them in when it’s time to enter any passwords, such as your Wi-Fi password. By default, key echo is only turned on if headphones are plugged into your device. You can change this setting later in your Android device settings.

Press and hold two fingers on the setup screen. When your device recognizes this gesture, TalkBack is enabled and a tutorial begins.

Option 2: Turn on TalkBack later, after initial setup

The steps below require sighted assistance.

To turn on TalkBack, follow these steps:

  1. Open Settings app.
  2. Navigate to Settings > Accessibility (Samsung devices: Settings > Accessibility > Vision).
  3. Select TalkBack and slide the TalkBack switch to the ON position (Samsung devices: Voice Assistant).
  4. The confirmation screen displays a list of permissions that allow TalkBack to provide useful spoken feedback. To confirm that you allow these actions and to begin using TalkBack, touch OK.

Accessibility shortcut

You can turn on an accessibility shortcut that will let you turn on TalkBack at any time without using sight. To turn on and use this shortcut, follow these steps:

  1. In Settings > Accessibility, select Accessibility shortcut.
  2. Set the switch to the ON position.
  3. Now you can turn TalkBack on or off any time by following these steps:
    1. Press and hold the power button until you hear a sound or feel a vibration.
    2. Release the power button.
    3. Touch and hold two fingers until you hear audio confirmation (about 5 seconds).

Android 8.0 Oreo Updates:

New Way to Turn on Talk Back

  1. Press both volume keys for 3 seconds.
  2. If TalkBack doesn’t turn on right away, press both volume keys again for 3 seconds.

Notes:

The first time you try the shortcut, you might need to confirm setup in a confirmation dialog.

If the steps above don’t work, follow the steps below:

Turn on the accessibility shortcut

Use the accessibility shortcut

Unlock your device

There are two ways to unlock your device once TalkBack is turned on:

Explore by touch in TalkBack

Basic touch exploration

To explore by touch, slowly drag one finger around the screen. TalkBack announces the icons, buttons, and other items as you drag your finger over them. When the focus reaches an item you’d like to select, double-tap anywhere on the screen to select the focused item.

Linear navigation

To explore your screen one item at a time, swipe left or right to move through the items in sequence.

Text editing

Type text with the virtual keyboard

When you enter a text editing field, a virtual keyboard appears on the bottom of the screen. You can explore this keyboard by touch just as you would other screens, but the activation works differently. (Note: If you’ve installed a keyboard other than the default Android keyboard, you might have a different experience.)

To type a letter:

  1. Slide your finger over the keyboard until you hear the character you’d like to type.
  2. Lift your finger to type the focused key.

Review text that you’ve typed

To review text in an input field character by character, press the volume keys.

Use your Home screen with TalkBack

Your Home screen is the screen that’s displayed when you first turn on or unlock your device. You can get to the Home screen at any time by swiping up then left in an L-shaped gesture.

Here are some tips for navigating your Home screen with TalkBack:

The Home screen typically has the following elements:

Use TalkBack gestures

TalkBack gestures let you navigate quickly on your Android device.

There are three types of gestures in TalkBack: basic gestures, back-and-forth gestures, and angle gestures. For all gestures, use a single motion, a steady speed, and even finger pressure.

Basic gestures

Action Gesture
Move to next item on screen Swipe right
Move to previous item on screen Swipe left
Cycle through navigation settings Swipe up or down
Select focused item Double-tap

Back-and-forth gestures

Action Swipe
Move to first item on screen Up then down
Move to last item on screen Down then up
Scroll forward
(if you’re on a page longer than one screen)
Right then left
Scroll back
(if you’re on a page longer than one screen)
Left then right
Move slider up
(such as volume)
Right then left
Move slider down
(such as volume)
Left then right

Angle gestures

These gestures are two-part swipes at a right angle. For example, the default gesture for going to the Home screen is to swipe up then left at a sharp 90-degree angle.

Action Swipe
Home button Up then left
Back button Down then left
Overview button Left then up
Notifications Right then down
(see note below)
Open local context menu Up then right
Open global context menu Down then right

Two-finger gestures

All TalkBack gestures use one finger. As long as you only use one finger on the screen, your touch or gesture is only interpreted by TalkBack.

When you use two or more fingers, your touch or gesture goes straight to the application, rather than to TalkBack. For example, on most pages you can usually scroll by slowly dragging one finger. With TalkBack on, you can scroll by dragging two fingers.

In some applications, you can zoom by putting two fingers on the screen and pinching them together or pulling them apart. These gestures work normally with TalkBack on, since they use two fingers.

Customize TalkBack gestures

For the one-finger gestures listed above, you can keep the default gestures or assign new actions to the gestures.

To reassign actions to gestures:

  1. Open your device’s Settings app
  2. Select Accessibility TalkBack Settings Gestures
  3. Select the gesture to which you want to assign a new action
  4. Select the action that you want to assign to the gesture. Along with the actions listed in the tables above, you can assign the following actions to gestures:
    • Open Quick Settings
    • Read from top
    • Read from next item
    • Show actions

Android 8.0 Oreo Updates:

Customizable TalkBack Gestures

If your Android device has a fingerprint sensor, you can use fingerprint gestures with TalkBack.

Open and close apps with TalkBack

You can open apps, switch between apps, and show two apps at once with split screen.

Open apps on your device

  1. To go to the Home screen, swipe up then left.
  2. Navigate to the Apps icon, and double-tap to open it.
  3. Navigate to the app that you want to open, then double-tap to open it.

Switch between recent apps

  1. To open your app Overview, swipe left then up.
  2. Navigate to the app that you want to open, then double-tap to open it.

Show two apps at the same time

To display two apps at once, you can create a split screen view.

  1. Open the first app.
  2. Navigate to the Overview button, then double-tap and hold to split the screen.
  3. The top screen shows the first app. The bottom screen lists your recent apps.
  4. In the bottom screen, move focus to the second app then double-tap to select.

Note: In landscape mode, the screen splits between left and right instead of top and bottom.

To adjust the size of the split screen:

  1. Explore by touch or swipe to the split screen divider.
  2. To open the local context menu, swipe up then right.
  3. Select Actions.
  4. Choose an option such as Top full screen, Top 50%, or Bottom full screen.

Note: In landscape mode, options include left and right instead of top and bottom.

To exit split screen view, navigate to the Overview button, then double-tap and hold.

Exit an app

To get out of an app, go to the Home screen by swiping up then left.

Answer and hang up calls with TalkBack

When you receive an incoming call, TalkBack automatically announces the caller, unless you’ve turned off this option in TalkBack settings. You can answer or reject the call as follows:

Use TalkBack to browse the web with Chrome

Use TalkBack with Chrome

You can get spoken feedback using TalkBack in the Chrome browser.

Explore web pages with TalkBack navigation settings

To cycle through the TalkBack navigation settings:

  1. Open a web page in Chrome.
  2. Swipe up or down until you reach the setting that you’d like to use.
  3. Swipe right to move forward or left to move back using the chosen setting.

You can also choose navigation settings from the TalkBack local context menu:

  1. Open a web page in Chrome.
  2. To open the menu, swipe up and then right in one smooth motion.
  3. To explore the menu, drag your finger. The menu is a circle or a list, depending on your TalkBack settings.
  4. Lift your finger to choose an item and close the menu.
  5. Swipe right to move forward or left to move back.

The navigation settings include the following options for the Chrome browser:

Explore web pages with a keyboard

If you use an external keyboard with your Android device, you can use TalkBack keyboard shortcuts to navigate web pages.

Separate tabs and apps on your Android phone or tablet

In the latest version of Chrome, tabs and apps are merged under a single button. On tablets, it’s the Overview button. On smartphones, it’s the Recent Apps button. For TalkBack to say how many browser tabs are open, you’ll have to turn this function off.

  1. Make sure TalkBack is turned on and your Chrome browser is open.
  2. In the Chrome browser, go to the upper right corner of the screen.
  3. Double-tap More Options.
  4. Open Settings.
  5. Open Merge tabs and apps.
  6. Drag your finger until you hear the On switch. Double-tap to turn it off.
  7. Double-tap OK.

Use global and local context menus

As you navigate using TalkBack, two context menus are available to help you find settings and controls. The global context menu contains commands that work anywhere, and the local context menu varies depending on the focused item.

Context menus can appear either as circles or as lists. You can set this preference in Settings > TalkBack settings > Touch exploration settings > Show context menu as list.

When the menus are shaped like circles, you can drag your finger in a circle to hear the different options.

When the menus are regular lists, drag your finger up and down the list to hear the different options.

Global context menu

To use the global context menu, follow these steps:

The following options are available when you activate the global context menu:

Local context menu

The local context menu contains controls that relate to the focused item. The options available in the menu change depending on the item. If there are no relevant options, TalkBack announces “No menu items.”

To use the local context menu, follow these steps:

  1. Swipe up then right. (You can choose a different gesture in TalkBack settings.)
  2. Drag your finger over the menu to hear menu items.
  3. When you hear the item that you’d like to select, release your finger.

When you open the local context menu, the menu provides options that are relevant to the current context. Options might include the following:

Use seek controls with TalkBack

To adjust a seek control, such as volume slider or or video playback:

  1. Navigate to the seek control by swiping or exploring by touch.
  2. Choose one of the methods below to adjust the seek control.
    • Option 1: Press the volume up or down button.
    • Note: Starting in Android 7.0, the seek control moves 5% at a time. Before Android 7.0, it moves by 20%.
    • Option 2: Enter a number value.
    • Open the local context menu by swiping up then right.
    • Select Edit seek control level.
    • In the text field, delete the current value, then enter a number from 0 to 100.
    • Select OK.

66.228 5r 109 Guide

Given the uncertainty, the best approach in drafting the paper is to outline possible interpretations of the cited numbers and present analyses based on plausible legal references, acknowledging the potential for ambiguity in the user's query. The paper could explore the two most likely interpretations—perhaps FAR Part 5, Section 5-109 and AR 66-228—discuss their content, and explain how they might interact or be relevant in practice. Additionally, it should suggest that for precise legal analysis, clarifying the exact sources and proper formatting of citations is essential.

Another possibility is that "66.228" refers to a section in a state code. Let's check if there's a Texas statute. Texas Administrative Code has titles, parts, and sections. If a user from Texas is referring to this, maybe 66.228 is a section in a particular part. But I need more context. Alternatively, maybe it's a reference to something like 27 CFR 5.101, which is about labeling of alcoholic beverages.

Putting two and two together, perhaps the user is referencing FAR Part 5, Section 5-109 (which is about Contracting Officer Certification), and maybe AR 66-228 as another document. However, without more context, it's challenging to pinpoint exactly. The user might have made a typo or concatenated parts of references without proper formatting.

Assuming that the main task is to create a paper analyzing these two references, I'll need to first clarify what each part refers to. For "66.228," perhaps it's Army Regulation 66-228 on administrative separation actions. For "5r 109," assuming it's a typo or misformatting of FAR 5-109. Then, I can draft a paper that analyzes these two documents and their interplay or relevance in a particular legal context, such as federal contracting or military personnel procedures. 66.228 5r 109

Alternatively, maybe the user is referring to a specific contract clause, like the 5r 109, which is a clause in the FAR. Let me check. FAR Part 5 (Contracting by Negotiation) includes 5-109-2: Procedural Instructions. So if the citation is 5-109.r, maybe not. Wait, maybe the user meant FAR Part 5, section R.109? But the standard format is Part 5, which has sections like 5.1, 5.2, etc. So 5.109 might be a section. Then maybe the other part is 66.228. Maybe the user is combining two different references.

Wait, let me think again. The user wrote "66.228 5r 109." The "5r 109" part might be a separate citation. Maybe it's a typo or a concatenation of two different citations. For example, "66.228" and then "5r 109." Let me see if 5r 109 refers to a section in the FAR. The Federal Acquisition Regulation, for example, has Part 5, which is "Contracting by Negotiation," and subsections like 5.109. So 5r 109 could be part of FAR 5-109. But the "r" might be a part of the section title or a note.

If I consider 66.228 as part of the Department of Defense contracts or Army regulations, maybe. For example, Army Regulation 66-228. Let me check. Army AR 66-228 does exist. It's titled "Military Justice—Administrative Separation Actions." So if the user is referring to this, then 66.228 is the regulation number. But then "5r 109" could be a section within that regulation. However, I'm not sure if AR 66-228 has sections 5 or 109. Alternatively, maybe the user meant FAR 5-109, which I mentioned before. Given the uncertainty, the best approach in drafting

Wait, maybe the user is referring to the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 66, which might not exist. The standard titles are up to Title 75. So perhaps the user made a typo. Maybe 66 is a part of another code. Let me check. The United States Code is titled 1-54. Title 66 doesn't exist in the US Code. Hmm.

Wait, maybe it's part of the Federal Code or Federal Acquisition Regulations? The FAR has parts and sections. Let me see. For example, FAR 5.101 is a part and section. If the user is referring to 5r 109, maybe it's in the FAR under part 5, section R.109? But 5r 109 doesn't sound familiar. Maybe it's a typo or a misformatting. Alternatively, in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), the structure is Title - Part - Section. For example, 49 CFR 5.101 would be Title 49, part 5, section 101.

"66.228" could be a section number. The format with a decimal might be similar to how some codes are organized. Then "5r" could be a subsection or a note. "109" might be another section number or part of a citation to a specific part of the code. Maybe it's part of the Internal Revenue Code, which uses a different format, though. For example, the Internal Revenue Code uses 26 U.S.C. followed by the section number. But here, 66 is more likely to be in other codes. Let me check the Internal Revenue Code—no, 66 is in there, like 26 U.S.C. §6662, which is about penalties for tax understatements. But that's 66.62, not 66.228. Another possibility is that "66

Alternatively, if "5r 109" is part of the Internal Revenue Code, but I can't find 5r 109 there. Maybe it's a part of another legal code. Alternatively, maybe it's a state statute. For example, in New York, the General Business Law or another code might have such a section. However, without knowing the jurisdiction, it's hard to say.

Alternatively, maybe "66.228" is part of a contract clause. In federal contracts, sometimes they reference specific clauses. For example, 52.228-5 is a clause in the FAR Subpart 52.228—Construction and Architect-Engineer Contracts. Let me check the FAR. FAR 52.228-5 is actually titled "Construction and Architect-Engineer Contracts (June 2013)" which is a provision. But that's 52.228-5, not 66.228. Maybe the user confused the numbers.

Assuming that "66.228" is a section from a specific code and "5r 109" is another section from another code, perhaps related to federal regulations or contracts. Alternatively, maybe there's a misformatting where the user intended to cite 66 CFR 228.5r.109? Or perhaps 66 CFR is Title 66 (which isn't a CFR title, the titles go up to 75), so that's not it.